VMware 3V0-23.25 시험

Question No : 1

An Infrastructure Manager is sizing the "Operations Reserve" for a VCF 9.0 Workload Domain. The developers plan to use vSAN Data Protection with highly aggressive snapshot schedules for their CI/CD pipelines (e.g., snapshots every 15 minutes, retaining 48 hours).
[SDDC Manager - Capacity Configuration]
Default vSAN
Thresholds
Host Rebuild Reserve: 15%
(Enabled)
Operations Reserve: 5%
(Customized)
Historically, the manager lowered the Operations Reserve to 5% to grant more capacity to VMs.
How does the interaction of heavy snapshot activity and this customized Operations Reserve directly impact the cluster's stability and performance? (Select all that apply.)

• A.Deep snapshot chains generate significant metadata overhead; when background snapshot deletions occur, they consume temporary staging space which can quickly exhaust a 5% Operations Reserve.
• B.vSAN ESA snapshots do not consume Operations Reserve space because they are log-structured B-tree pointers, making the 5% setting perfectly safe.
• C.The system will fail to delete older snapshots when the retention limit is reached if the Operations Reserve is full, causing the datastore to rapidly fill to 100%.
• D.If the Operations Reserve is exhausted by snapshot consolidation overhead, vSAN will throttle incoming VM write I/O to zero to prevent datastore corruption.

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Question No : 2

A VCF Architect is designing the automated lifecycle management (LCM) workflow for a massive 48-node vSAN ESA cluster using Dell ReadyNodes.
The design integrates vSphere Lifecycle Manager (vLCM) with the OpenManage Integration for VMware vCenter (OMIVV) Hardware Support Manager (HSM).
# vLCM Cluster Image JSON Spec
"image": {
"esx_version":
"8.0 U2",
"vendor_addon":
"Dell_Customization",
"hsm_package":
"OMIVV_Firmware_Baseline_v4"
}
How does the vCenter HCL Database interact with this automated vLCM firmware remediation loop? (Select all that apply.)

• A.The integration requires disabling the vSAN Health Service so that the OMIVV hardware manager can assume absolute control over the RAID controller configurations.
• B.vLCM ignores the vSAN HCL database entirely when a Hardware Support Manager is present, relying solely on the OEM vendor's internal certification matrix.
• C.If the HCL database determines the HSM firmware baseline is incompatible, the SDDC Manager compliance pre-check will block the remediation task to prevent corrupting the storage pool.
• D.Before applying the image, vLCM queries the active vSAN HCL Database to validate that the specific NVMe firmware contained in the "OMIVV Baseline" is officially certified for vSAN ESA 8.0 U2.
• E.Updating the HCL database inside vCenter automatically flashes the new firmware onto the physical Dell servers during the next standard maintenance window.

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Question No : 3

A VI Admin is deploying a developer namespace in a VCF 9.0 environment. The developers rely heavily on Kubernetes Persistent Volume snapshots for their CI/CD pipelines. They often generate up to 50 snapshots per day per volume.
The Admin runs a debug command to inspect the snapshot tree for a heavy-use vSAN ESA volume.
[root@esx-03:~] esxcli vsan debug object health summary get
Object UUID: 554350... (FCD: Dev-DB-PVC)
Format: vSAN ESA Log-Structured
Snapshot Count: 45
Read Latency: 0.8 ms
How does the deep fusion of vSAN ESA mechanics and the Snapshot architectural model allow this workload to function efficiently compared to the legacy OSA VMFS approach? (Select all that apply.)

• A.In legacy OSA (VMFS), snapshots utilize "Redo Logs" (SEsparse). Reading data from a VM with 45 snapshots requires the I/O to traverse a 45-layer deep disk chain, causing severe latency degradation.
• B.ESA snapshots require the virtual machine to be powered off during creation to ensure memory state consistency across the B-Tree map.
• C.vSAN ESA native snapshots utilize a Log-Structured B-Tree pointer mechanism; capturing a snapshot is a millisecond metadata operation that does not create a secondary delta file.
• D.Deleting or consolidating a 45-snapshot chain in OSA triggers a massive "VM Stun" event to merge the block data, whereas ESA deletes snapshots instantly by dropping the B-Tree pointers in the background.
• E.vSAN ESA increases the maximum supported snapshot limit per object from 32 (in OSA) to 200, unlocking Continuous Data Protection (CDP) style workflows.

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Question No : 4

Which statement accurately describes the function and update mechanism of the vSAN Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) database within vCenter Server?

• A.It is a JSON metadata file that vCenter downloads from VMware to map physical hardware signatures to certified firmware and driver versions, enabling the vSAN Health Service to accurately report cluster compliance.
• B.It is a real-time kernel module inside the ESXi hypervisor that automatically intercepts and patches non-compliant I/O controller firmware during the host boot sequence.
• C.It replaces the standard ESXi hardware abstraction layer, allowing vSAN to bypass standard HBA firmware checks when running the Cluster Partition test.
• D.It requires the VCF administrator to manually compile a SQL database file from the vendor website and import it into the SDDC Manager appliance using the LCM AP

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Question No : 5

9 ms
Based on the "Top-Down" methodology and this data matrix, which of the following statements correctly isolate the bottleneck? (Select all that apply.)

• A.The backend physical storage (LSOM on ESX-04) is highly responsive (0.9 ms) and is NOT the cause of the performance issue.
• B.The DOM Owner on ESX-04 is suffering from CPU saturation, causing the 1.2 ms delay before sending data to the LSO
• C.The vSAN Network between ESX-01 and ESX-04 is dropping packets or experiencing switch buffer overflows, as indicated by the 19.5 ms network latency jump.
• D.The high latency is artificially created by Deduplication hash table lookups occurring at the DOM Client layer.
• E.The Virtual Machine is running smoothly because the Guest latency (22.4 ms) closely matches the DOM Client latency (22.0 ms), indicating no vCPU ready-time issues inside the guest.

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Question No : 6

A Storage Administrator is troubleshooting erratic latency on a vSAN ESA cluster. Skyline Health indicates the system is healthy, but the Administrator suspects a Top-of-Rack switch buffer issue.
The Administrator executes the "vSAN Network Performance Test" (Proactive Test) across the cluster.
[Architecture Diagram: Network Perf Test]
Host 1 (Iperf Client) --> Switch --> Host 2 (Iperf Server)
Test Result: Target 25 Gbps. Achieved: 14 Gbps. Retransmits: 5,400.
How does this specific proactive test help the Administrator diagnose the HCI storage bottleneck? (Select all that apply.)

• A.The test automatically adjusts the Storage Policy Based Management (SPBM) IOPS limits on the cluster to match the 14 Gbps actual bandwidth.
• B.The test proves that the ESA DOM logic is incorrectly duplicating parity bits, causing network saturation.
• C.The test runs entirely in the hypervisor memory network stack (using iperf), explicitly bypassing the physical NVMe drives; this proves the 11 Gbps loss is strictly a network fabric problem, not a slow hard drive problem.
• D.The diagnostic output allows the Administrator to provide definitive proof to the Network team that the "25 GbE" ports are actually severely degraded under real-world TCP stress.
• E.The high number of "Retransmits" (5,400) definitively confirms packet drops on the physical switch, strongly pointing to buffer overflows during the micro-bursts generated by the test.

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Question No : 7

A SOC Analyst is tracing the root cause of a temporary datastore brown-out that occurred during a major data ingestion event in a VCF Workload Domain.
[Log Analysis: vpxd.log]
2026-11-20T10:00:00Z WARN vpxd - [vSAN] DOM Client on host esx-05 queuing I/O for VM 'Ingest-01'. Limit: 10000 IOPS exceeded.
2026-11-20T10:02:15Z ERROR vpxd - [vSAN] Component congestion limit reached (255) on backend capacity devices esx-01 and esx-02.
2026-11-20T10:02:20Z FATAL vpxd - [vSAN] System-wide backpressure initiated. All VMs on esx-05 experiencing > 500ms latency.
The 'Ingest-01' VM was assigned an SPBM policy with IOPS Limit: 10000.
How did the interaction between the IOPS limit and the backend network/storage result in system-wide congestion, and what does this reveal about IOPS limits as a protection mechanism? (Select all that apply.)

• A.IOPS limits automatically disable the log-structured filesystem's compression engine, forcing the cluster to ingest uncompressed data.
• B.The system-wide backpressure occurs because DOM Client buffers filled up entirely when the backend drives jammed, forcing the hypervisor to pause the vCPU of all VMs on esx-05.
• C.The 10,000 IOPS limit was set too high for a 128KB block-size workload; normalizing large blocks translates 10,000 I/O requests into 40,000 equivalent vSAN IOPS, overwhelming the backend capacity.
• D.The IOPS limit successfully throttled the VM at the source (DOM Client), meaning the backend congestion on esx-01 and esx-02 was caused by *other* unthrottled VMs in the cluster, not 'Ingest-01'.
• E.IOPS limits are applied at the component level, not the VM level, meaning 'Ingest-01' was allowed 10,000 IOPS for every single component stripe, defeating the QoS cap.

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Question No : 8

A Solutions Architect is calculating the network bandwidth saturation for a specific VMDK under heavy write load in a vSAN ESA cluster. The available Top-of-Rack switch throughput is limited to 25 GbE.
The VM generates 500 MB/s of raw write data.
The architect evaluates two different Storage Policies applied to this specific VM:
[SPBM Configuration Options]
Policy A: Failures To Tolerate: 1 (RAID-1 Mirroring)
Policy B: Failures To Tolerate: 1 (RAID-5 Erasure Coding)
How do these different SPBM policies directly alter the actual "on-the-wire" network traffic profile for vSAN, and what is the impact on the 25 GbE fabric? (Select all that apply.)

• A.Policy A (RAID-1) generates 1000 MB/s of total backend network traffic (a 2.0x multiplier) because the DOM Client must simultaneously send the 500 MB/s data payload to both Mirror 1 and Mirror 2 across the network.
• B.Policy B (RAID-5) significantly reduces the network bandwidth multiplier compared to RAID-1, because the erasure coding algorithm spreads parity overhead (1.33x) rather than duplicating the full dataset.
• C.vSAN ESA compresses the data BEFORE it leaves the host (DOM Client level); therefore, if the VM generates highly compressible data (e.g., 2:1 ratio), Policy B will only push ~332 MB/s across the network, preserving the 25 GbE switch buffers.
• D.Both policies consume zero network bandwidth for reads when the "Site Locality" feature is enabled.
• E.Switching from Policy A to Policy B doubles the network traffic overhead because RAID-5 requires a 4th parity node.

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Question No : 9

An Infrastructure Manager initiates a Deep Rekey on a fully utilized vSAN ESA database cluster. Within 5 minutes, application owners report severe transaction timeouts.
[vSAN Performance View - Cluster Aggregate]
Metric: CPU Utilization (Jumped from 40% to 95%)
Metric: Network Latency (vSAN Traffic: < 1ms)
Metric: LSOM Congestion (ssd-congestion: Normal)
Metric: DOM Latency (High)
Which TWO statements accurately diagnose this specific performance degradation during the Deep Rekey operation? (Choose 2.)

• A.The high DOM latency combined with normal LSOM congestion proves the physical NVMe drives are NOT the bottleneck; the ESXi CPU is starved, delaying the I/O processing pipeline.
• B.The 95% CPU utilization is caused by the ESXi hypervisor actively decrypting and re-encrypting the AES-256 data streams in software using CPU cycles.
• C.The CPU spike is a false positive generated by the Key Management Server (KMS) polling interval.
• D.The Deep Rekey is generating massive background data movement, saturating the physical 25 GbE network switch buffers, which is shown by the < 1ms latency metric.
• E.Deep Rekey operations explicitly disable the vSAN Distributed Object Manager (DOM), causing the local Guest OS to handle the encryption overhead.

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Question No : 10

A VCF Architect is using SDDC Manager to create a VI Workload Domain that will immediately be configured as a vSAN Stretched Cluster.
To achieve this, the architect must coordinate the baseline Workload Domain creation with the specific Stretched Cluster network prerequisites. The architect reviews the prepared configuration:
[Network Configuration - WLD-03]
vSAN Network Segment (Site A): 192.168.10.0/24 (MTU 9000)
vSAN Network Segment (Site B): 192.168.20.0/24 (MTU 9000)
Witness Network Segment: 192.168.100.0/24 (MTU 1500)
Static Routes: Site A/B vSAN networks <-> Witness network
License: vSAN Enterprise Applied
Which of the following actions and configurations are REQUIRED to successfully integrate the SDDC Manager workflow with the Stretched Cluster deployment? (Select all that apply.)

• A.The Witness Appliance must be imported and registered into SDDC Manager inventory prior to running the Workload Domain creation wizard.
• B.The vSAN License assigned during the Workload Domain creation must be 'vSAN Enterprise' or higher to support the Stretched Cluster topology.
• C.The VI Workload Domain must first be deployed as a standard single-site cluster in SDDC Manager before it can be converted into a Stretched Cluster via day-2 operations.
• D.The vSAN Network Segment (Site B) must be placed on a separate Layer 2 VLAN from Site A, meaning static routes must be configured on the hosts for cross-site vSAN communication.

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Question No : 11

A CTO is defining the StorageClass strategy for a new Tanzu Kubernetes cluster running on vSAN ESA. The workloads are heavy write-intensive databases.
The CTO is debating whether to enforce "Object Space Reservation: Thick" (100% reserved) in the SPBM policy attached to the K8s StorageClass, or leave it as the default "Thin" provisioned.
[vSAN Performance / Capacity View Projection]
Option 1: Thick Provisioning (100% OSR) -> 50 TB PVCs consume 50 TB immediately.
Option 2: Thin Provisioning (0% OSR) -> 50 TB PVCs consume only written data (e.g., 5 TB initially).
Which of the following statements correctly evaluate the trade-offs of enforcing "Thick" provisioning via a Kubernetes StorageClass on vSAN ESA? (Select all that apply.)
A. In vSAN ESA, "Thick" provisioning does not pre-allocate physical NVMe blocks; instead, it logically reserves the capacity quota in the DOM to guarantee space for the pod's lifetime.
B. Using "Thin" provisioning creates a race condition where thousands of K8s pods could oversubscribe the datastore, causing an APD event when physical space runs out.
C. Thick provisioning on vSAN ESA accelerates database write performance by zeroing out the physical NVMe blocks during PVC creation.
D. Thick provisioning prevents "Out of Space" (OOS) runtime crashes for database pods; if the datastore fills up, the thick-provisioned database is already guaranteed its 50 TB.
E. Kubernetes CSI drivers are incompatible with Thick provisioning; the feature was deprecated in vSphere 8.0.

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정답: A, B, D

Question No : 12

A VCF Architect is calculating the performance TCO (Cost per IOPS) difference between upgrading a legacy SAN environment and deploying a new vSAN ESA HCI Cluster.
The architect examines the log output during a simulated application stress test that saturated the backend capabilities of both topologies.
[Log Analysis: vpxd.log - Congestion Events]
# Traditional SAN Cluster
2026-12-01T10:00:15Z WARN vpxd - [Storage] Datastore 'SAN-Tier1' queue depth 64/64 full. Host I/O delayed.
# vSAN ESA Cluster
2026-12-01T10:15:22Z WARN vpxd - [vSAN] Component congestion on ESXi-08. vSAN DOM applying localized backpressure.
2026-12-01T10:15:23Z INFO vpxd - [vSAN] DRS migrating VM 'App-DB' to ESXi-02 to access uncongested storage path.
How does the HCI Operational Model provide a TCO and performance advantage for handling extreme utilization peaks, as demonstrated in this log? (Select all that apply.)

• A.Traditional SANs cannot use vMotion to resolve storage congestion because the storage bottleneck is centralized at the array level, impacting all hosts connected to that LU
• B.The ESA log output indicates a failure of the Deduplication engine, which forces the system to buy additional software licenses to process the I/
• C.In a 3-tier SAN, the LUN queue is a rigid choke point; scaling performance requires physically upgrading the SAN controllers. In HCI, the queue is distributed across all NVMe drives on all hosts, naturally providing massively higher aggregate queues.
• D.HCI allows performance troubleshooting to leverage standard compute resources. If an HCI host is congested, vSphere DRS can simply vMotion the VM to another host with available storage and compute cycles.
• E.The operational cost of expanding the "queue depth" in HCI is effectively zero because it scales automatically as physical hosts and NVMe drives are added to the environment.

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Question No : 13

A Compliance Auditor is reviewing the encryption and data-efficiency settings of a large VCF 9.0 environment. The environment contains a legacy VI Workload Domain running vSAN OSA, configured with strict data security and capacity optimization.
[Storage Policy View]
vSAN Cluster: Legacy-OSA-01
Data-at-Rest Encryption: Enabled (KMS Validated)
Deduplication and Compression: Enabled (All-Flash)
End users are complaining that application response times are sluggish during daily data ingestion windows, and vCenter alarms show ESXi CPU utilization at >95%.
How do the advanced data services in the OSA architecture contribute directly to this CPU saturation and resulting DOM congestion? (Select all that apply.)

• A.In OSA, data must be compressed, deduped, and encrypted synchronously in the data path. Ingesting new data requires the CPU to execute SHA-1 hashing against the massive in-memory hash tables to find duplicates, consuming extreme amounts of CPU cycles.
• B.The integration of Deduplication and Encryption is natively incompatible in OSA; the hypervisor must decrypt the data first, dedup it, and then re-encrypt it, causing a double-tax on the CP
• C.Disabling Deduplication and Compression on this specific cluster would immediately relieve the CPU bottleneck, allowing the data to stream to the NVMe drives as raw blocks.
• D.Deduplication hash tables are offloaded to the physical Top-of-Rack switches in VCF, meaning the ESXi CPU is a false indicator of the storage bottleneck.
• E.If the CPU is pegged at 100% processing the Dedup hashes, the storage subsystem slows down, triggering DOM client congestion and causing the VM latency the end users are experiencing.

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Question No : 14

A SOC Analyst is investigating a recurring incident where a mission-critical web server becomes completely unresponsive to network pings for approximately 45 seconds every night at 2:00 AM.
The analyst checks the ESXi CLI logs corresponding to that exact timestamp:
[root@esx-03:~] vim-cmd vmsvc/get.tasklist 42
Task: Snapshot.remove
Status: Running (99% complete)
Consolidation Rate: 85 MB/s
Memory Stun Required: True
Based on the vim-cmd output and vSAN OSA snapshot mechanics, which TWO statements accurately diagnose this recurring outage? (Choose 2.)

• A.The ESXi host ran out of physical memory to process the snapshot, forcing it to swap the VM's RAM to the vSAN datastore.
• B.This daily event is directly triggered by the automated Backup Solution (e.g., Veeam/Avamar), which creates a snapshot at 2:00 AM to copy data and then commands vSphere to delete/consolidate it.
• C.The 45-second network outage is a "VM Stun" event; during the final phase of snapshot consolidation in OSA, the hypervisor must freeze the Guest OS CPU and network stack to merge the final in-flight memory and disk blocks.
• D.The VM has exceeded the maximum supported limit of 32 snapshots, causing the vSAN DOM Client to forcibly crash the virtual machine.
• E.The system is infected with a crypto-miner; the 85 MB/s consolidation rate represents unauthorized data exfiltration masked as a backup task.

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Question No : 15

A Compliance Auditor is validating that a proposed vSAN ReadyNode hardware cluster meets the exact requirements needed to support a highly aggressive Storage Policy requested by the development team.
The policy requires extreme read performance for a distributed file system.
# SPBM Policy: "Extreme-Read-Parallelism"
FailuresToTolerate: 1 (RAID-1)
StripeWidth: 10
ObjectSpaceReservation: 100%
The auditor examines the vSAN Sizer output. The Sizer rejects the existing 4-Node, 6-drive-per-host cluster configuration.
How does the interaction between the StripeWidth: 10 rule and the vSAN object placement algorithm dictate the required hardware ReadyNode scaling in the Sizer? (Select all that apply.)

• A.Stripe Width is a logical construct that ignores physical drive count; the Sizer rejection is purely based on the FTT=1 memory overhead limit.
• B.If the Sizer keeps the cluster at 4 nodes, it must recommend ReadyNodes equipped with a significantly higher density of NVMe drives per host (e.g., 12-24 drives per host) to satisfy the high local stripe width capacity.
• C.The "Stripe Width = 10" rule forces the DOM to distribute a single replica of the VMDK across 10 distinct physical NVMe drives. If a single host only has 6 drives, the Sizer must expand the object across multiple hosts to find 10 drives.
• D.The "ObjectSpaceReservation: 100%" component requires the Sizer to recommend drives with 100% dedicated cache capacity, which violates ESA standards.
• E.The Sizer may recommend adding more hosts to the cluster (Scale-Out) to increase the aggregate number of physical NVMe spindles available to absorb the 10-wide stripe distribution.

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