매달, 우리는 1000명 이상의 사람들이 시험 준비를 잘하고 시험을 잘 통과할 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
VMware Certified Advanced Professional - VMware Cloud Foundation Networking 온라인 연습
최종 업데이트 시간: 2026년02월14일
당신은 온라인 연습 문제를 통해 VMware 3V0-25.25 시험지식에 대해 자신이 어떻게 알고 있는지 파악한 후 시험 참가 신청 여부를 결정할 수 있다.
시험을 100% 합격하고 시험 준비 시간을 35% 절약하기를 바라며 3V0-25.25 덤프 (최신 실제 시험 문제)를 사용 선택하여 현재 최신 100개의 시험 문제와 답을 포함하십시오.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
NSX Federation, a core component of large-scale VCF deployments across multiple sites or "fleets," introduces a hierarchical management model where a Global Manager (GM) orchestrates security policies and networking objects across multiple Local Managers (LMs).
To ensure stability and compatibility in the communication between the Global Manager and the Local Managers, VMware documentation specifies strict version parity requirements. When onboarding a site into a Federation, the Local Manager at that site must be running the same NSX version and build as the other sites in the Federation and must be compatible with the Global Manager’s version. Discrepancies in versions can lead to synchronization failures, as the API schemas and internal database structures for Global Objects (like Global Segments or Groups) may differ between builds.
While Federation allows for geographic and administrative separation, the underlying software-defined networking stack must be synchronized.
Option A is incorrect; in fact, VTEP/TEP VLANs and IP pools should be unique to each site to avoid IP conflicts in the transport network, though they must have Layer 3 reachability to one another.
Option B is incorrect; unique BGP AS numbers are often preferred for multi-site routing to prevent loops.
Option C is also incorrect, as Federation is specifically designed to link different VCF instances (sites) together into a single manageable entity.
In a VCF 5.x or 9.0 context, the SDDC Manager helps maintain this requirement by ensuring that the "Bill of Materials" (BOM) is consistent across sites intended for Federation. Before the GM can successfully register and "push" configuration to an LM, the handshake process validates the build version to prevent the corruption of the global intended state.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In a VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) environment, the implementation of stateful services―such as Source NAT (SNAT) and Destination NAT (DNAT)―requires a specific architectural configuration within the NSX component. This is because stateful services need a centralized point of processing (a Service Router or SR) to maintain the session state tables and ensure that return traffic is processed by the same node that initiated the session.
The scenario describes a provider-level Tier-0 Gateway running in Active-Active mode. While Active-Active provides high-performance North-South throughput via ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Pathing), it does not support stateful NAT services because asymmetric traffic flows would break the session tracking. Rather than changing the Tier-0 to Active-Standby (which would reduce overall throughput for the entire environment), the architecturally sound approach is to offload the stateful services to a Tier-1 Gateway.
According to VCF design guides, when a Tier-1 Gateway is required to perform NAT for multiple subnets, it must be configured as a Stateful Tier-1. This involves associating the Tier-1 with an Edge Cluster and setting its high-availability mode to Active-Standby. Once the Tier-1 is created in this mode, it creates a Service Router (SR) component on the selected Edge Nodes. By attaching this Active-Standby Tier-1 to the existing Active-Active Tier-0 (Ten-A-Tier-0), the tenant's subnets can enjoy the benefits of localized stateful NAT while the environment maintains high-performance, non-stateful routing at the Tier-0 layer.
Option A is inefficient as it impacts the entire Tier-0.
Option B is redundant.
Option C is incorrect because a "Distributed Routing only" Tier-1 (one without an Edge Cluster association) cannot perform stateful NAT. Therefore, creating an Active-Standby Tier-1 and linking it to the provider Tier-0 is the verified VCF multi-tenant design pattern.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In the context of VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) networking, understanding how an ESXi host (acting as a Transport Node) handles East-West traffic is fundamental. East-West traffic refers to communication between workloads within the same data center, often on the same logical segment.
When a Virtual Machine sends a frame to another VM on the same logical segment, the ESXi host's virtual switch must determine the "location" of the destination MAC address to perform frame forwarding. The MAC Table (also known as the Forwarding Table or L2 Table) is the primary structure used for this decision. For each logical segment, the host maintains a MAC table that maps the MAC addresses of virtual machines to their specific "locations."
If the destination VM is residing on the same host, the MAC table points the frame toward a specific internal port (vUUID) associated with that VM's vNIC. If the destination VM is on a different host (in an overlay environment), the MAC table entry for that remote MAC address will point to the Tunnel End Point (TEP) IP of the remote ESXi host. While the TEP table (Option C) contains the list of known Tunnel Endpoints and the ARP table (Option A) maps IP addresses to MAC addresses, neither is the primary table used for the final frame forwarding decision.
The MAC Table is the authoritative source for Layer 2 forwarding. In an NSX-managed VCF environment, these tables are dynamically populated and synchronized via the Local Control Plane (LCP), which receives updates from the Central Control Plane. This ensures that even as VMs move via vMotion, the MAC table remains updated across all transport nodes, allowing for seamless East-West connectivity without the need for traditional MAC learning (flooding) in the physical fabric.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) and NSX, Traceflow is a powerful diagnostic tool designed to provide visibility into the logical and physical path of a packet as it traverses the SDDC. Unlike standard ping or traceroute utilities that use real ICMP traffic from the Guest OS, Traceflow operates by injecting synthetic traffic directly into the data plane at the source point (usually the vNIC of a Virtual Machine).
When Traceflow is initiated, the NSX Manager creates a "trace packet" that mimics the characteristics of the traffic being investigated (such as TCP, UDP, or ICMP with specific headers). This synthetic packet is marked with a special metadata tag. As the packet moves through the virtual switches (VDS), logical routers (DR/SR), and distributed firewalls (DFW) on the ESXi Transport Nodes, each component recognizes the tag and reports an "observation" back to the Central Control Plane (CCP). The CCP then aggregates these observations and presents them in the NSX Manager UI.
For VLAN-backed segments, Traceflow functions similarly to how it works on Overlay segments. It tracks the packet as it is switched at Layer 2 and processed by any applicable distributed services. The inclusion of In-band Network Telemetry (INT) in modern VCF versions (5.x and 9.0) enhances this by allowing the synthetic packet to collect telemetry data from INT-capable physical switches in the fabric. This provides a "hop-by-hop" view that includes both the virtual and physical segments of the journey.
Option A is incorrect because Traceflow is not limited to ICMP; it can simulate various protocols.
Option C is incorrect as Traceflow fully supports VLAN segments.
Option D is incorrect as it describes a state-comparison mechanism rather than the active injection process that defines Traceflow. Therefore, the injection of synthetic traffic to observe data plane behavior via the control plane is the verified mechanism.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
The process of bringing existing infrastructure under VCF management is known as "VCF Import" or "Convergence." This is a common path for organizations transitioning from siloed management to the full SDDC stack provided by Cloud Foundation.
According to the VCF 5.x and 9.0 documentation, the VCF Installer (specifically the Cloud Foundation Builder and the Import Tool) is designed to ingest existing environments. The verified best practice is
to converge the environment at its current, supported version, provided it meets the minimum baseline requirements for the VCF version you are deploying.
In this scenario, vSphere 8.0 U1 and NSX 4.1 are compatible versions that can be imported into a VCF management framework. By using the VCF Installer to converge the existing environment first (Option C), the SDDC Manager takes ownership of the existing vCenter and NSX Manager. Once the environment is "VCF-aware," the administrator gains the benefit of SDDC Manager’s Lifecycle Management (LCM).
The SDDC Manager then handles the orchestrated, multi-step upgrade to version 9.0. This ensures that the automated "Bill of Materials" (BOM) is strictly followed, ensuring compatibility between vCenter, ESXi, and NSX components. Attempting to manually upgrade components to version 9 before convergence (Options A and B) or uninstalling NSX (Option D) creates a "Frankenstein" environment that may not align with the VCF BOM, making the automated convergence process fail or resulting in an unsupported configuration. The principle of VCF is to bring the environment in first, then let VCF manage the upgrades.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
A critical requirement for the backup and restore process in VMware NSX (and by extension, VCF) is version parity. The NSX Manager backup contains the database schema, configuration files, and state information specific to the version of the software that was running at the time the backup was taken.
When performing a restore into a "clean" environment, the NSX documentation explicitly states that the target NSX Manager appliance must be of the exact same build version as the appliance that generated the backup. If an administrator attempts to restore a backup from version 4.1.x onto a newly deployed manager running version 4.2.x or 9.0 (as implies by "latest version"), the restore process will fail because the database schema of the newer version is incompatible with the older data structure.
In a VCF environment, while SDDC Manager (Option B) handles the lifecycle and replacement of failed nodes, the actual "Restore from Backup" workflow is an NSX-native operation. If the entire cluster is lost, the recovery procedure involves:
Identifying the build number from the backup metadata.
Deploying a single "Discovery" node of that exact build.
Pointing that node to the backup repository (SFTP/FTP).
Executing the restore.
Once the primary node is restored to the correct version, the administrator can then add additional nodes to reform the cluster. Attempting to use the API (Option C) or changing the passphrase (Option A) will not bypass the fundamental requirement for version alignment between the backup file and the installed binary.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In the advanced networking architecture of VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) 9.0 and the evolution of NSX VPCs, the control of route propagation is managed through the relationship between the consumer (the VPC) and the provider (the Tier-0 or Tier-1 Gateway). When a VPC is created, it is logically connected to the provider's infrastructure via a Transit Gateway (or a Provider-side logical router acting as a transit point).
To control the flow of routing information―specifically to prevent the data center's physical network from learning about internal VPC subnets (prefixes) while ensuring the VPC can still reach the outside world via a default route―the routing policy must be applied at the point of intersection. The Transit Gateway serves as this demarcation point. By applying a route filter or prefix list on the Transit Gateway, the administrator can explicitly deny the advertisement of internal VPC prefixes "upstream" to the provider's BGP process. Simultaneously, the provider can still inject or "advertise" a default route ($0.0.0.0/0$) "downstream" into the VPC.
Applying the policy on the VPC Gateway Firewall (Option D) would impact the data plane (blocking traffic) but would not prevent the routing table from being populated. The BGP peer template (Option C) is too broad, as it would likely affect all VPCs connected to that provider, rather than just the "new VPC" in question. The default route advertiser (Option A) only controls the egress of the default route, not the suppression of internal prefixes. Therefore, the Transit Gateway is the verified location for granular route control in a multi-tenant VCF VPC environment.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
With the introduction of the Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) consumption model in VCF 9.0 and late 5.x releases, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) has become more granular to support true multi-tenancy. A VPC is designed to be a self-contained "container" for a department's or user's networking resources.
To meet the specific requirement where a user can configure aspects of an individual VPC but is restricted from creating new subnets (which involves modifying the underlying network CIDR blocks and IPAM), a combination of specific roles is required.
VPC Admin: This is the primary role for the user within their assigned VPC. It allows the user to manage the overall VPC environment, including high-level settings and monitoring. However, the VPC Admin's power is often limited by the specific quotas and policies set by the Enterprise Admin.
Security Operator: This role allows the user to view security configurations and policies without having the permission to modify the network fabric or create new infrastructure components like subnets. It provides the "read-only" visibility into the security posture of the VPC.
Network Operator: Similar to the Security Operator, the Network Operator role provides visibility into the networking state―such as routing tables, segment status, and connectivity―without granting the "Write" permissions required to provision new subnets or alter the network topology.
Assigning Network Admin (Option B) or Security Admin (Option A) would grant too much privilege, as these roles typically include the ability to create, delete, and modify subnets and firewall policies at a structural level. By combining the VPC Admin role with Operator-level roles, the administrator ensures the user has the necessary context to manage their assigned resources while strictly adhering to the restriction against creating new network subnets.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
This scenario describes a classic "Overlapping IP" or "Fenced Network" challenge in a private cloud environment. In many development or lab use cases, users need to deploy identical environments where the internal IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.10) are the same across different instances to ensure application consistency.
To allow these identical environments to access the public internet simultaneously without causing an IP conflict on the external physical network, Source Network Address Translation (SNAT) is required. According to VCF and NSX design best practices, the Tier-0 Gateway is the most appropriate place for this translation when multiple tenants or labs need to share a common pool of external/public IP addresses.
When a VM in Lab A sends traffic to the internet, the Tier-0 Gateway intercepts the packet and replaces the internal source IP with a unique public IP (or a shared public IP with different source ports). When Lab B (which uses the same internal IP) sends traffic, the Tier-0 Gateway translates it to a different unique public IP (or the same shared public IP with different ports). This ensures that return traffic from the internet can be correctly routed back to the specific lab instance that initiated the request.
Option A (DNAT) is used for inbound traffic (allowing the internet to reach the lab), which doesn't solve the outbound connectivity requirement for overlapping IPs.
Option B (Isolation) would prevent communication entirely.
Option C (Firewall) controls access but does not solve the routing conflict caused by identical IP addresses. Thus, SNAT rules on the Tier-0 gateway are the verified solution for providing internet access to overlapping lab environments.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In the architecture of VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) and its networking component, NSX, the Tier-0 Gateway serves as the critical demarcation point between the virtualized overlay network and the physical infrastructure. To facilitate this communication, BGP is the industry-standard protocol utilized.
BGP is fundamentally designed as an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP). While it can be used internally (iBGP), its primary role in a VCF deployment is to exchange routing information between the SDDC and the physical Top-of-Rack (ToR) switches or core routers (eBGP). This allows the physical network to learn about the virtual subnets (overlay segments) and allows the virtual environment to receive a default route or specific external prefixes. This confirms that BGP is utilized as an EGP in these designs.
Furthermore, as global IP networking has evolved, the traditional 2-byte Autonomous System (AS) numbers (ranging from 1 to 65,535) were found to be insufficient for the number of organizations requiring them. Modern NSX versions integrated into VCF 5.x and 9.0 fully support 4-byte Autonomous System numbers (ranging from 1 to 4,294,967,295). This support is essential for service providers and large enterprises that have been assigned 4-byte ASNs by regional internet registries.
Option A is incorrect because EIGRP is a proprietary Cisco protocol and is not used by NSX.
Option C describes OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), which uses "Areas," whereas BGP uses "Autonomous Systems." Therefore, the ability to act as an EGP and support for 4-byte ASNs are the verified characteristics of BGP within the VCF networking stack.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
As organizations modernize their infrastructure with VCF 5.x and 9.0, IPv6 adoption becomes more prevalent. NAT64 is a critical transition technology that allows IPv6-only hosts to communicate with IPv4-only resources by translating the packet headers.
In NSX, NAT64 is a stateful service. Stateful services in the NSX architecture require a centralized point of processing to maintain the session state table. Because of this requirement, any gateway (Tier-0 or Tier-1) providing NAT64 services must be configured in Active-Standby high availability mode. In Active-Active mode, asymmetric return traffic could hit a different Edge node that does not have the session information, causing the translation to fail. This is a fundamental design constraint for stateful NAT in NSX.
Furthermore, VMware NSX documentation specifies that NAT64 is a flexible service that can be implemented at multiple tiers of the logical routing hierarchy. It is supported on both Tier-0 and Tier-1 gateways. The choice of where to place the NAT64 service depends on the design requirements: placing it on the Tier-1 gateway allows for tenant-specific translation and offloads the Tier-0, while placing it on the Tier-0 provides a centralized translation point for all connected segments.
Option A is incorrect because NAT64 in NSX is stateful, not stateless.
Option C is incorrect because it is not limited to Tier-1.
Option E is incorrect because Active-Active mode does not support the stateful nature of the NAT64 engine. Consequently, the correct architecture requires an Active-Standby configuration on either a Tier-0 or Tier-1 gateway to properly facilitate the translation between the IPv6 workloads and the IPv4 external world.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In VMware Cloud Foundation networking, the relationship between segments and gateways is governed by the underlying Transport Zone (TZ) configuration. A Transport Zone defines the potential span of a virtual network―specifically, which hosts and edges can participate in that network.
When an administrator creates an NSX Segment, they must associate it with a specific Transport Zone (either Overlay or VLAN). Similarly, when a Tier-1 Gateway is created, its reach is determined by the Transport Zones available on the Transport Nodes (Edges and ESXi hosts) where it is instantiated. For a Segment to be attached to a Tier-1 Gateway, both objects must reside within the same Transport Zone.
If the Segment was created in "Overlay-TZ-01" but the new Tier-1 Gateway is only associated with "Overlay-TZ-02" (or if one is in a VLAN TZ and the other in an Overlay TZ), the NSX Manager UI will filter out the incompatible gateway to prevent an invalid configuration. The logical switch (Segment) cannot bind to a gateway if they do not share a common broadcast or encapsulation domain defined by the Transport Zone.
Option A is incorrect because a Tier-1 Gateway does not strictly require an Edge Cluster unless it is providing stateful services (like NAT, LB, or Firewall). It can exist purely as a distributed component on the hypervisors.
Option B (Connectivity Policy) determines if the T1 advertises routes to the T0, but it doesn't prevent a segment from connecting to it.
Option D is also incorrect, as a Tier-1 Gateway can be moved between Tier-0s, or even exist without a Tier-0 connection initially. Therefore, the Transport Zone mismatch is the fundamental architectural barrier preventing the gateway from appearing in the selection list.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In a VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) architecture, the Tier-0 Gateway is the primary point of integration between the virtualized network and the physical world. When dealing with multiple upstream routers (multi-homing), administrators must influence the BGP path selection process to ensure traffic follows the desired path and avoids suboptimal routing or asymmetric flows.
AS-Path Prepend is a common technique used to influence inbound traffic (traffic coming from the physical network into the NSX environment). By repeating its own Autonomous System (AS) number multiple times in the BGP advertisement, the Tier-0 Gateway makes a specific path look "longer" and therefore less desirable to the upstream physical routers. Since BGP prefers the shortest AS-Path, the routers will favor the alternate link that does not have the prepended AS numbers. This is a critical tool in VCF designs to ensure that a primary link is utilized unless a failure occurs.
MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) is an attribute that suggests to an adjacent external AS which path to take among multiple entry points to the same AS. Like AS-Path Prepend, it influences inbound traffic. A lower MED value is preferred over a higher one. In a VCF environment with multiple Edge Nodes or multiple Tier-0 uplinks, setting different MED values allows the administrator to prioritize specific entry points for traffic entering the SDDC.
BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection) is not a BGP attribute; it is a detection protocol used to provide fast failure detection of the link between BGP neighbors. While it triggers faster convergence, it does not influence path selection based on attributes. Cost is an OSPF attribute, not a native BGP attribute. Therefore, in the context of NSX Tier-0 BGP configuration, AS-Path Prepend and MED are the verified methods for path manipulation.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
In VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF), the lifecycle of the NSX Manager cluster is strictly managed by SDDC Manager. During the initial deployment of a Management Domain or the creation of a new Workload Domain (if using a separate NSX instance), the administrator selects a "Form Factor" (Small, Medium, Large, or Extra Large) based on the expected scale of the environment.
As of current VCF versions (including 5.x), the Form Factor is a parameter defined during the deployment workflow that determines the resource reservations (CPU/RAM) and the disk partitioning of the appliance OVA. Unlike a standard virtual machine where you might simply adjust the vCPU and RAM settings in vCenter, the NSX Manager appliance is an opinionated system. Changing resources manually through vCenter (Option C) is not supported and can lead to stability issues or "Out of Sync" errors within SDDC Manager, as the database and internal services are tuned for the specific size selected at install.
There is currently no supported "in-place" upgrade or downgrade for the form factor of an existing NSX Manager node via the UI or API (Option B). To change the size, the administrator must redeploy the manager nodes. In a VCF context, this often involves using SDDC Manager to delete the cluster or manually replacing nodes one by one―essentially deploying a new node of the correct size, joining it to the management cluster, syncing the data, and then removing the old, oversized node.
VCF Operations (formerly vRealize Operations) can provide "Right-sizing" recommendations (Option D), but it cannot execute the physical resizing of an NSX Manager appliance within the VCF framework. Therefore, the manual or orchestrated redeployment of the nodes is the only verified method to change the appliance footprint.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 250 to 350 words of Explanation From VMware Cloud Foundation (VCF) documents:
The architecture of NSX Federation within a VCF Multi-Site design is built upon a separation of the Control Plane and the Data Plane. This "decoupled" architecture ensures high availability and resiliency even when management components become unavailable.
In NSX Federation, the Global Manager (GM) handles the configuration of objects that span multiple locations, while the Local Manager (LM) is responsible for pushing those configurations down to the local Transport Nodes (ESXi hosts and Edges) within its specific site. When a configuration is pushed, the Local Manager communicates with the Central Control Plane (CCP) and subsequently the Local Control Plane (LCP) on the hosts.
If an NSX Local Manager goes offline, the "Management Plane" for that site is lost. This means no new segments, routers, or firewall rules can be created or modified at that site. However, the existing configuration is already programmed into the Data Plane (the kernels of the ESXi hosts and the DPDK process of the Edge nodes).
According to VMware's "NSX Multi-Location Design Guide," the data plane remains fully operational during a Management Plane outage. Existing VMs will continue to communicate, BGP sessions on the Edges will remain established, and Distributed Firewall (DFW) rules will continue to be enforced based on the last known good configuration state cached on the hosts. The data plane does not require constant heartbeats from the Local Manager to forward traffic. Therefore, operations continue normally "headless" until the LM is restored and can resume synchronization with the Global Manager and local hosts. Failover to a primary site (Option D) is only necessary if the actual data plane (hosts/storage) fails, not just the management components.