매달, 우리는 1000명 이상의 사람들이 시험 준비를 잘하고 시험을 잘 통과할 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
AE Adult Echocardiography Examination 온라인 연습
최종 업데이트 시간: 2025년12월09일
당신은 온라인 연습 문제를 통해 ARDMS AE Adult Echocardiography 시험지식에 대해 자신이 어떻게 알고 있는지 파악한 후 시험 참가 신청 여부를 결정할 수 있다.
시험을 100% 합격하고 시험 준비 시간을 35% 절약하기를 바라며 AE Adult Echocardiography 덤프 (최신 실제 시험 문제)를 사용 선택하여 현재 최신 139개의 시험 문제와 답을 포함하십시오.
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Anteroseptal hypokinesis is most often due to ischemia or infarction in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery territory, a major branch of the left coronary artery. The LAD supplies the anterior wall and the interventricular septum.
The right coronary artery generally supplies the inferior wall and right ventricle. The circumflex artery supplies the lateral wall. The posterior descending artery supplies the inferior wall.
This coronary artery distribution and wall motion correlation is fundamental in stress echocardiography and ischemic heart disease assessment as detailed in ASE guidelines and clinical echocardiography references 【 12:ASE Stress Echocardiography Guidelines†p.300-310 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.380-385 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The video shows a subcostal IVC view with measurement of IVC diameter and respiratory collapsibility. The IVC appears dilated (>2.1 cm) with less than 50% collapse on inspiration, suggesting elevated right atrial pressure (RAP).
According to ASE guidelines for noninvasive RAP estimation, an IVC diameter >2.1 cm with <50% collapsibility corresponds to an RAP of approximately 10 mmHg.
Lower RAP values correspond to smaller IVC and greater collapsibility. This is a standard measurement in adult echocardiography practice and ASE chamber quantification guidelines 【 12:ASE Chamber Quantification Guidelines†p.80-85 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.115-120 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Pulmonary vein Doppler signals have low velocity and low frequency components that can be filtered out by standard Doppler wall filters. To obtain a good quality spectral Doppler waveform for diastolic function evaluation, the wall filter settings should be lowered or adjusted to allow low frequency signals to be detected and displayed clearly.
Non-imaging transducers and continuous wave Doppler are not appropriate for pulmonary vein Doppler because spatial resolution and site localization are required. Filtering out low frequency signals would degrade the quality of the pulmonary vein waveform.
This is detailed in ASE Doppler imaging and diastolic function assessment protocols 【 12:ASE Diastolic Function Guidelines†p.85-90 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.125-130 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The Doppler waveform shows pulmonary vein flow with several components. The arrows point to small reversed flow spikes just after the atrial contraction wave, which corresponds to the atrial reversal (AR) flow component. Atrial reversal occurs as blood briefly flows backward into the pulmonary veins during atrial contraction.
Ventricular reversal is not typically seen in pulmonary veins. Diastolic flow reversal is abnormal and usually not part of normal pulmonary vein flow. Systolic forward flow is the major forward component during ventricular systole.
This interpretation is standard in ASE guidelines on diastolic function assessment and pulmonary vein
Doppler evaluation 【 12:ASE Diastolic Function Guidelines†p.85-90 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.130-135 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Biplane disk summation (Simpson’s method) of left atrial (LA) volume, indexed to body surface area, is the most accurate and recommended method for assessing LA size. This method accounts for the asymmetrical shape of the LA and provides reproducible volume measurements.
3D imaging can provide even more precise volume data but is less widely available and less standardized. Linear dimension and planimetry are less accurate because they do not fully represent LA size.
ASE chamber quantification guidelines strongly recommend biplane volume measurement for LA size assessment in clinical practice 【 12:ASE Chamber Quantification Guidelines†p.90-95 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.120-125 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) provides superior visualization of the atrial septum, especially in the presence of an atrial septal aneurysm, which may obscure transthoracic views. TEE allows detailed anatomic assessment of the atrial septal defect (ASD), its size, and associated structures.
Agitated saline contrast echo is useful for detecting right-to-left shunts but is limited in anatomical delineation in complex cases. Cardiac MRI and catheterization can provide complementary information but are not first-line for ASD evaluation when TEE is available.
ASE adult congenital heart disease guidelines and echocardiography texts emphasize TEE as the gold standard for ASD evaluation in this setting 【 12:ASE Adult Congenital Guidelines†p.405-410 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.570-575 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The echocardiographic video shows hypokinesis or akinesis of the inferolateral wall of the left ventricle. This myocardial territory is predominantly supplied by the left circumflex coronary artery.
The right coronary artery primarily supplies the inferior wall and right ventricle. The left anterior descending artery supplies the anterior and septal walls. The posterior descending artery supplies the inferior wall, usually supplied by the right coronary artery or sometimes the circumflex.
These segmental coronary territories are described in ASE stress echocardiography and regional wall motion assessment guidelines 【 12:ASE Stress Echocardiography Guidelines†p.300-310 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.380-385 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Frame rate in echocardiography is affected by the sector width, depth, and line density. Narrowing the sector width reduces the number of scan lines per frame, thus increasing the frame rate and temporal resolution. This improves the ability to capture rapid cardiac motion.
Decreasing overall gain affects image brightness, not frame rate. Increasing dynamic range increases the number of gray shades, which may slightly decrease frame rate due to processing load.
Increasing transducer frequency improves resolution but reduces penetration depth and can decrease frame rate due to longer pulse duration.
This principle is emphasized in echocardiography physics and instrumentation texts and ASE imaging guidelines 【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.40-45 】【 12:ASE Imaging Protocols†p.10-15 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The two-chamber apical echocardiographic view allows visualization of the basal inferolateral and anterior walls. The video demonstrates reduced wall thickening and motion in the basal inferolateral segment consistent with hypokinesis.
An aneurysm would appear as a dyskinetic or paradoxical bulging of the wall, which is not seen here.
The basal inferior wall is visualized better in other views (such as the apical four-chamber).
Hypokinesis of the basal inferolateral wall suggests regional ischemia or infarction in the territory supplied by the left circumflex artery.
These assessments are standard in segmental wall motion analysis described in ASE stress echocardiography and chamber quantification guidelines 【 12:ASE Stress Echocardiography Guidelines†p.310-315 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.380-385 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The echocardiographic image shows a typical atrial septal defect located in the central portion of the atrial septum, best classified as a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). Secundum ASDs are the most common type, occurring in the fossa ovalis region.
Sinus venosus ASDs are located near the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava junctions, coronary
sinus ASDs involve unroofing of the coronary sinus, and primum ASDs occur low in the atrial septum near the atrioventricular valves.
These anatomic distinctions are critical for diagnosis and surgical planning and are detailed in adult congenital heart disease and echocardiography references 【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.565-570 】【 12:ASE Adult Congenital Guidelines†p.400-410 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The Doppler signal shown is a continuous wave (CW) Doppler tracing typical of measuring high velocity flow, such as an intracavitary gradient in the left ventricle, often seen in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). CW Doppler is needed to capture the highest velocity flow across the entire ventricular cavity and outflow tract.
Pulsed wave Doppler has limited spatial resolution and cannot measure high velocities without aliasing; thus, it is less useful for localizing gradients in this context. Pulsed wave at mitral leaflet tips is used for mitral inflow assessment, not intracavitary gradients.
This approach is recommended in ASE guidelines for cardiomyopathy and valvular obstruction evaluation 【 12:ASE Doppler Guidelines†p.120-125 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.350-355 】
정답:
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The recommended method to measure left atrial diameter in the parasternal long axis view is the inner edge to inner edge technique, perpendicular to the aortic root, measured at end-diastole. This approach provides the most reproducible and standardized measurement.
Measurement parallel to the aortic root or at end-systole is less accurate. Outer edge measurements overestimate size.
ASE chamber quantification guidelines specify this method for standardization and reproducibility in adult echocardiography practice 【 12:ASE Chamber Quantification Guidelines†p.90-95 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.120-125 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
The Simpson biplane method (method of disks) is the recommended two-dimensional echocardiographic technique to quantify left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), especially when regional wall motion abnormalities are present. It involves tracing endocardial borders in apical two-and four-chamber views to calculate LV volumes and EF, accounting for segmental dysfunction.
Visual estimation is subjective and less accurate. The Quinones method (single plane area-length) and Teichholz method rely on geometric assumptions and are less accurate in abnormal ventricles.
ASE chamber quantification guidelines strongly endorse Simpson biplane for LVEF assessment in regional wall motion abnormalities 【 12:ASE Chamber Quantification Guidelines†p.70-75 】【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.60-65 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP) can be estimated noninvasively by measuring the end-diastolic velocity of pulmonary regurgitation (pulmonary insufficiency) using continuous-wave Doppler. The pressure gradient between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle at end-diastole is calculated using the modified Bernoulli equation from this velocity.
Tricuspid insufficiency is used to estimate right ventricular systolic pressure. Tricuspid inflow and pulmonary inflow velocities provide information on diastolic function but not direct pressure gradients.
This method is well validated and included in ASE guidelines for pulmonary hypertension assessment and Doppler hemodynamics 【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.300-305 】【 12:ASE Doppler Guidelines†p.110-115 】 .
정답:
Explanation:
Cardiac contusion is a myocardial injury resulting from blunt chest trauma, typically affecting the right ventricle more commonly than the left ventricle because of its anterior location and proximity to the chest wall. The injury can range from mild bruising to severe myocardial damage and dysfunction.
It does not result from myocardial infarction (which is ischemic injury), nor does it cause hypertrophy or hypercontractility. Instead, it may cause wall motion abnormalities, arrhythmias, or even rupture.
These features are detailed in echocardiography and trauma cardiology literature, including the "Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography" and clinical guidelines on blunt cardiac injury 【 16:Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography, 6e†p.600-605 】【 12:ASE Trauma Cardiology Guidelines†p.500-505 】 .