CFE Fraud Investigations and Legal Issues 시험 - ACFE실제시험문제와 답 - 508문항

Question No : 1

Shane, a Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE). is investigating Larsen. who is active on various social networking sites. Shane wants to search and extract information from Larson's social media postings so that it can be used in court as evidence.
Which of the following is the MOST ACCURATE statement regarding what Shane should do when conducting a social media investigation of Larsen?

A.Shane should conduct a forensic shutdown of his computer to preserve the metadata in the social networking sites.
B.Shane should preserve the information from the social networking sites so that it can be established as authentic if used in court.
C.Shane should email himself the links of the postings so that he can retrieve them later.
D.Shane should preserve the information by saving the links of the postings in his 'bookmarks"

정답:
Explanation:
“Documentary evidence, including digital evidence, will not be admitted… unless it is established as authentic… fraud examiners must capture, download, and preserve any useful information as soon as they discover it, and memorialize each step of the collection process”.

Question No : 2

Which of the following is a reason why a subject's credit card records are useful in tracing investigations?

A.Credit card statements show source of the funds used to pay a credit card bill
B.Credit card records show the movements and habits of the subject
C.Credit card records provide insight into the subject's litigation history
D.Credit card records contain information about the division and distribution of the subject's assets

정답:
Explanation:
“Credit card records… show card purchasing limits, previous payment history, account balance, when and where the subject has travelled, restaurants frequented, and assets acquired. In short, these records show the movements and habits of the person”.
Therefore, B is correct.

Question No : 3

In most civil law systems, which of the following parties typically serves as the fact finder in criminal proceedings?

A.judge
B.A jury
C.A panel comprised of laypersons
D.A panel of court-appointed attorneys

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Domain 1.
In the context of Overview of the Legal System, specifically relating to criminal, civil, the question asks about the core concepts in this area.
The correct answer is A: judge.
This question relates to the legal system framework. Understanding the distinction between different legal systems and processes is crucial for fraud examiners. The correct answer accurately describes the relationship between different legal entities and their jurisdictions.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Domain 1: Overview of the Legal System
- criminal
- civil
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

Question No : 4

Which of the following schemes involves disguising money from illegal nonbusiness sources by recording more income on a business's books than the business actually generates?

A.Overstate revenues
B.Structured deposits
C.Trade-based laundering
D.None of re above

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Uncategorized.
the question asks about the core concepts in this area.
The correct answer is A: Overstate revenues.
This question tests your understanding of key fraud examination concepts and legal principles.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Uncategorized
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

Question No : 5

Naveed, a fraud suspect, has decided to make an admission to Omar, a Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE).
Which of the following items of information should Omar obtain from Naveed during the verbal admission?

A.A general estimate of the amount of money involved in the fraud
B.Facts about the fraud known to co-conspirators and witnesses
C.A statement from Naveed indicating that his conduct was an accident
D.Controls that would have prevented Naveed from committing the fraud

정답:
Explanation:
CFE admission-seeking guidance explains that once a suspect begins providing detailed information about the offense, the interviewer should transition to obtaining a verbal confession and then “probe gently” for additional details―preferably details only the subject would know. As part of confirming the general details of the offense during the verbal confession, the interviewer should obtain key baseline facts such as estimates of amounts involved, identification of other parties involved, and the location of physical evidence. Among the choices, a general estimate of the amount of money involved (A) is explicitly aligned with what the CFE guidance expects the interviewer to gather during the verbal admission stage because it helps establish scope and supports later corroboration and restitution analysis.
Option B is less fitting because the emphasis is on what the suspect can reliably provide (their own actions and knowledge), not “facts known to others.”
Option C attempts to build a defense narrative rather than obtain factual admission details.
Option D may be useful for remediation later, but it is not a primary objective during the verbal confession stage.

Question No : 6

Greta is convicted of white-collar crime. However, her sentence is suspended in return for her promise of good behavior.
Which of the following BEST describes Greta's sentence?

A.Determinate sentence
B.Probation
C.indeterminate sentence
D.Deferred prosecution agreement

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Domain 8.
In the context of Criminal Prosecutions, specifically relating to deferred prosecution, the question asks about BEST.
The correct answer is B: Probation.
This question addresses criminal prosecution concepts. The correct answer correctly identifies aspects of criminal proceedings, burdens of proof, or sentencing options. Understanding the criminal justice process is essential for fraud examiners working with law enforcement. Probation is a sentencing option where the offender's sentence is suspended in return for their promise of good behavior, allowing them to remain in the community under supervision rather than serving time in prison.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Domain 8: Criminal Prosecutions
- deferred prosecution
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

Question No : 7

A fraud examiner is based m the United States, a non-European Union (EU) country, and is collecting personal information from their company's human resources (HR) files about an employee based in Spain, an EU country Based on these facts, the fraud examiner would need to comply with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) when conducting their internal investigation.

A.True
B.False

정답:
Explanation:
Explanation with Extracts = The 2014 Fraud Examiners Manual states:
“The EU Data Protection Directive … regulates the processing, using, and transferring of personal data within the European Union, and it places limits on transmitting personal data to non-EU countries”.
Therefore, a U.S.-based examiner handling HR data of an EU employee must comply with EU GDPR requirements.

Question No : 8

John, a fraud investigator, is interviewing Mary, who he suspects has been embezzling company funds.
Which of the following is the recommended approach John should use to ask Mary questions?

A.Start with questions about unknown information and work toward known information
B.Ask questions in random order to keep Mary from guessing the next question
C.Start with specific questions and move toward general questions
D.Seek general information before seeking specific details

정답:
Explanation:
The recommended questioning order is:
“As a general rule, questioning should proceed from the general to the specific; that is, it is best to seek general information before seeking details”.
This ensures the respondent provides a free narrative before narrowing down to specifics.

Question No : 9

Lmdsey, a Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE). has been retained to investigate allegations of bribery and kickbacks allegedly committed by a member of an organization's procurement department. Lindsey conducts an interview during which one of the accused's colleagues states that they overheard the accused discussing a free tnp received from one of the organization's vendors.
Which type of evidence would the interviewee's statement be considered?

A.Documentary evidence
B.Testimonial evidence
C.Verbal evidence
D.Inconclusive evidence

정답:
Explanation:
The Fraud Examiners Manual defines:
“Testimonial evidence is that evidence which is presented in the form of witness statements, whether oral or written, offered in response to questions” (Fraud Examiners Manual C Evidence section). The colleague’s statement overhearing a conversation is testimonial evidence.

Question No : 10

Leslie, a business owner, submits tax information regarding her company's finances to her country's taxing authority. The taxing authority allows companies to subtract the cost of production from their gross sales to determine the taxable income. To reduce her tax liability, Leslie inflates the costs of production on her tax forms.
Which of the following schemes has Leslie MOST LIKELY committed?

A.A value-added tax evasion scheme
B.A falsified tax deduction scheme
C.A sales tax scheme
D.A tax credit evasion scheme

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Domain 6.
In the context of Tax Fraud, specifically relating to tax evasion, the question asks about her company's finances to her country's taxing authority, MOST LIKELY.
The correct answer is B: A falsified tax deduction scheme.
This question focuses on tax fraud concepts. The correct answer distinguishes between legal tax avoidance and illegal tax evasion, or identifies specific tax evasion schemes. Tax fraud investigations require specialized knowledge of tax laws and common evasion techniques.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Domain 6: Tax Fraud
- tax evasion
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

Question No : 11

Which of the following statements regarding steps fraud examiners should take before seizing digital evidence is MOST ACCURATE?

A.Fraud examiners should make sure that all forensic equipment has been validated and maintain the validation on file.
B.Fraud examiners should assign a digital forensic tool to each member of the fraud examination team.
C.Fraud examiners should collect all documentary evidence and interview potential suspects before seizing any digital evidence.
D.Fraud examiners should plan to collect evidence in person instead of considering any remote evidence collection procedures.

정답:
Explanation:
Before seizing digital evidence, fraud examiners must plan carefully because digital evidence is volatile and can be altered easily. The Fraud Examiners Manual explains that examiners should ensure forensic equipment is legitimate and reliable, including using licensed software, independently validating forensic equipment, and maintaining validation on file. This helps preserve the integrity and admissibility of the evidence.
Option B is incorrect because tools should be used only by properly trained personnel, not simply assigned to every team member.
Option C is wrong because delaying digital collection until all documents and interviews are completed can risk loss or alteration of evidence.
Option D is too narrow because remote collection may be appropriate in some circumstances if properly planned and legally authorized.

Question No : 12

Misty, a fraud investigator, is interviewing Larry, who she suspects has been embezzling company funds.
Which of the following is NOT a recommended sequence in which Misty should ask Lam/ questions?

A.Ask questions in random order to prevent Larry from knowing what question comes next.
B.Start with questions about known information and work toward unknown information
C.Start with general questions and move toward specific questions
D.Ask questions seeking general information before seeking details

정답:
Explanation:
“As a general rule, questioning should proceed from the general to the specific; it is best to seek general information before details. A variation… is to begin with known information and work towards unknown areas” 【 9:2014 International Fraud Examiners Manual.pdf†L39-L51 】 .
Random order is not recommended and breaks the logical flow.

Question No : 13

Why is it necessary to image a seized computer's hard drive for forensic analysis?

A.To prohibit access to the suspect computer's hard drive by individuals not professionally trained in forensic analysis
B.To allow for the analysis of data from a suspect computer without altering or damaging the original data in any way
C.To create pictures of the suspect computer system and its wires and cables
D.To enable the retrieval of data from the suspect computer directly via its operating system

정답:
Explanation:
Both the Manual and CFE Prep guides emphasize that forensic imaging is essential because:
“Forensic analysis should not be performed on suspect devices directly because doing so can alter or damage digital evidence, and imaging… allows a fraud examiner to view and analyse… without altering the original data in any way”.
A forensic image is an exact, sector-by-sector copy of the drive. Thus, imaging preserves evidence integrity.

Question No : 14

Which of the following statements concerning the selection of expert witnesses during trial is MOST ACCURATE?

A.Generally, the court selects the primary expert witnesses in adversarial jurisdictions and the parties do not participate in the selection.
B.Generally, the parties select the expert witnesses in both inquisitorial and adversarial jurisdictions.
C.Generally, the court selects the primary expert witnesses in inquisitorial jurisdictions and the parties do not hire them directly.
D.Generally, the parties select expert witnesses in inquisitorial jurisdictions but not in adversarial jurisdictions.

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Domain 1.
In the context of Overview of the Legal System, specifically relating to adversarial, inquisitorial, the question asks about MOST ACCURATE, the selection of expert witnesses during trial is MOST ACCURATE.
The correct answer is B: Generally, the parties select the expert witnesses in both inquisitorial and adversarial jurisdictions.
This question relates to the legal system framework. Understanding the distinction between different legal systems and processes is crucial for fraud examiners. The correct answer accurately describes the relationship between different legal entities and their jurisdictions. Expert witnesses provide specialized knowledge to help the fact finder understand complex issues. Their testimony must be relevant, reliable, and based on sufficient facts or data.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Domain 1: Overview of the Legal System
- adversarial
- inquisitorial
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

Question No : 15

Which of the following typically does NOT have to be present for communications between an attorney and the attorney's client to be protected by a legal professional privilege?

A.Purpose of the communications was to seek or provide legal advice
B.A lawsuit has been filed
C.Intent to keep the communications confidential
D.Communication between a legal advisor and a client

정답:
Explanation:
This question tests your knowledge of Domain 10.
In the context of Basic Principles of Evidence, specifically relating to privilege, the question asks about NOT.
The correct answer is B: A lawsuit has been filed.
This question tests knowledge of evidence principles. The correct answer correctly distinguishes between types of evidence, admissibility requirements, or evidentiary privileges. Proper handling of evidence is crucial for successful fraud investigations and prosecutions.
Reference:
- CFE Exam Content Outline: Domain 10: Basic Principles of Evidence
- privilege
- Fraud Examiners Manual, Law Section

ACFE CFE Fraud Investigations and Legal Issues 시험