CFE Fraud Schemes and Financial Crimes 시험 - ACFE실제시험문제와 답 - 352문항

Question No : 1

Placing any restriction in the solicitation documents that tend to restrict competition is called prebid solicitation.

A.True
B.False

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
This is False. Placing restrictions in solicitation documents that limit competition is a solicitation phase corruption scheme, not “prebid solicitation.” The correct terminology is restrictive specifications or fraudulent solicitation practices.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. True C Incorrect, as “prebid solicitation” is not the proper term.
Key Concept:
Restrictive solicitation practices limit competition unfairly.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Solicitation Phase Schemes.

Question No : 2

Which of the following is NOT the reason to bribe employees of the purchaser?

A.To ensure receipt of a late bid
B.To extend the bid opening date
C.To ensure bid-splitting
D.To falsify the bid log

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Bribes to purchasing employees often aim to:
Ensure late bids are accepted, Extend deadlines unfairly, Or falsify bid logs.
Bid-splitting, however, is a scheme performed to avoid approval thresholds and does not require bribery of purchasing employees.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Receipt of late bid C Real reason to bribe.
B. Extend opening date C Real reason to bribe.
D. Falsify bid log C Real reason to bribe.
C. Ensure bid-splitting C Not a bribery motivation.
Key Concept:
Bribery motivations in procurement fraud.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bribery Schemes in Procurement.

Question No : 3

The person or persons who have access to __________ are often the targets of unethical vendors seeking an advantage in the process.

A.Bid-splitting
B.Sealed bids
C.General purchasing
D.Tailor specifications

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Fraudsters often attempt to influence or bribe employees who have access to sealed bids. Access to sealed bids provides unfair knowledge of competitors’ pricing and terms, enabling collusion or bid manipulation.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Bid-splitting C A fraud scheme, not what vendors seek access to.
C. General purchasing C Too broad; not specifically tied to vendor fraud.
D. Tailor specifications C A corruption scheme, but not the specific target of vendor bribery.
Key Concept:
Sealed bid access as a key target in procurement fraud.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bid Manipulation.

Question No : 4

Another way to eliminate competition in the solicitation phase of the selection process is to:

A.Solicit bids from fictitious suppliers
B.Solicit transactions from fictitious vendors
C.Solicit bid-splitting from fictitious vendors
D.None of the above

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Fraudsters may solicit bids from fictitious suppliers (phony vendors) to create the illusion of competition. This ensures that the favored vendor wins while maintaining the appearance of a legitimate competitive bidding process.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
B. Solicit transactions from fictitious vendors C Incorrect phrasing; bids, not transactions, are solicited.
C. Solicit bid-splitting… C Bid-splitting is a different fraud scheme, not part of solicitation.
D. None of the above C Incorrect, since A is accurate.
Key Concept:
Phony bid solicitation as a corruption tactic in procurement.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Solicitation Phase Schemes.

Question No : 5

A process by which several bidders conspire to split contracts up and ensure that each gets a certain amount of work is called:

A.Bid opening
B.Fictitious bidding
C.Bid pooling
D.Bid log

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Bid pooling occurs when vendors collude to divide contracts among themselves. They agree in advance who will submit the lowest bid for certain contracts, ensuring each participant gets a share of the business.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Bid opening C The formal process of opening bids, not fraud.
B. Fictitious bidding C Not a standard fraud term.
D. Bid log C A record of submitted bids, not a scheme.
Key Concept:
Bid pooling ― collusion among vendors in bid-rigging schemes.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bid-Rigging and Vendor Collusion.

Question No : 6

In which phase of the competitive bidding process do fraudsters attempt to influence the selection of a contractor by restricting the pool of competitors from whom bids are sought?

A.Need recognition
B.Solicitation
C.False specification
D.Submission

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
During the solicitation phase, corrupt employees may attempt to eliminate legitimate competitors by restricting the list of vendors invited to bid. This unfairly favors a particular supplier, often in exchange for bribes or kickbacks.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Need recognition C Involves creating false or unnecessary demand, not restricting bidders.
C. False specification C Relates to vague or tailored specifications, not bid solicitation.
D. Submission C Occurs after solicitation when vendors submit bids.
Key Concept:
Solicitation phase schemes ― restricting competition.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Procurement and Bid-Rigging Schemes.

Question No : 7

In ____________ scheme, a supplier pays an employee of the purchasing company to write specifications that will require amendments at a later date.

A.Deliberate writing of vague specifications
B.Need recognition
C.False specification
D.Bid-splitting

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Deliberate writing of vague specifications is a type of corruption scheme where an employee intentionally drafts unclear requirements. This forces later amendments, which can be manipulated to favor a particular vendor.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
B. Need recognition C Involves unnecessary purchases, not vague specifications.
C. False specification C General but not precise; “vague specifications” is the correct technical term.
D. Bid-splitting C Breaking contracts into smaller amounts to avoid approval controls, not related to vague specs.
Key Concept:
Specification schemes in procurement corruption.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Specification Schemes.

Question No : 8

When a victim company purchases unnecessary goods or services from a supplier at the direction of the corrupt employee, this results in:

A.Presolicitation scheme
B.Need recognition scheme
C.False sole-source scheme
D.Submission scheme

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
A need recognition scheme occurs when an employee uses their influence to convince their employer to purchase unnecessary goods or services. This benefits the supplier (often paying kickbacks) but harms the employer.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Presolicitation scheme C General stage of procurement, not specific.
C. False sole-source scheme C Involves eliminating competition by claiming only one vendor can supply the good/service.
D. Submission scheme C Related to bid-rigging, not need recognition.
Key Concept:
Need recognition schemes ― corruption through unnecessary purchases.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Need Recognition Schemes.

Question No : 9

Which of the following is NOT a phase of the bidding process?

A.Presolicitation
B.Postsolicitation
C.Solicitation
D.Submission

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
The phases of the bidding process include:
Presolicitation (need recognition/specification stage), Solicitation (inviting bids), Submission (vendors submit bids).
There is no standard phase called Postsolicitation.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Presolicitation C Valid phase.
C. Solicitation C Valid phase.
D. Submission C Valid phase.
B. Postsolicitation C Not recognized as a formal bidding stage.
Key Concept:
Bidding process phases ― presolicitation, solicitation, submission.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bid-Rigging and Procurement Phases.

Question No : 10

The more power a person has over the bidding process, the more likely the person can influence the selection of a supplier.

A.True
B.False

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
This is True. When an employee has significant authority or discretion in the procurement process (e.g., drafting specifications, approving vendors, or evaluating bids), they are more capable of steering contracts toward favored suppliers. This increases the risk of corruption schemes like kickbacks or bid-rigging.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
B. False C Incorrect; influence grows with authority over procurement.
Key Concept:
Procurement authority is a key risk factor for corruption.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Procurement Schemes.

Question No : 11

In which of the following process, all bidders are legally supposed to be placed on the same plane of equality, bidding on the same terms and conditions?

A.Bid-rigging
B.Kickbacks
C.Competitive bidding
D.Bid solicitation

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
In a legitimate competitive bidding process, all bidders must be treated equally, with the same access to information, terms, and conditions. This ensures fairness and prevents procurement fraud.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Bid-rigging C The manipulation of competitive bidding, not the fair process.
B. Kickbacks C Involve secret payments, not equal bidding.
D. Bid solicitation C The stage of inviting bids, not the equal treatment requirement.
Key Concept:
Competitive bidding ― foundation of fairness in procurement.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Procurement and Competitive Bidding Principles.

Question No : 12

Every bribe is a two-sided transaction, in which where a vendor bribes a purchaser, there is someone on the vendor’s side of the transaction who is not making an illicit payment.

A.True
B.False

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
This statement is False. Every bribe involves two willing parties: one who offers and one who accepts the illicit payment. If one party is not making or accepting the payment, the transaction cannot be classified as a bribe.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. True C Incorrect because both sides are complicit in bribery.
Key Concept:
Bribery requires two-sided participation.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bribery Elements.

Question No : 13

Bid-rigging scheme occurs when:

A.An employee fraudulently assists a vendor in winning a contract through the competitive bidding process.
B.An employee does not assist a vendor in winning a contract through the competitive bidding process.
C.An employee once assists a vendor in winning a contract through a single competitive bidding process.
D.An employee once assists a vendor in winning a contract through a single competitive bidding process.

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Bid-rigging occurs when an employee or official manipulates the competitive bidding process to ensure a specific vendor wins the contract. This may involve sharing confidential information, suppressing competition, or tailoring bid specifications.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
B. Does not assist C Opposite of fraud; no scheme.
C/D. Once assists… C Bid-rigging is systemic, not limited to one occurrence.
Key Concept:
Bid-rigging schemes ― corruption in procurement processes.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Bid-Rigging Schemes.

Question No : 14

Undisclosed payments made by vendors to employees of purchasing companies are referred to as:

A.Bid-rigging
B.Kickbacks
C.Presolicitation
D.None of the above

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
Kickbacks are undisclosed payments made by vendors to employees of purchasing companies to secure favorable treatment. They are a classic form of bribery under the corruption classification of the Fraud Tree.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Bid-rigging C Involves collusion among bidders, not secret payments.
C. Presolicitation C A phase in procurement fraud, not the scheme itself.
D. None of the above C Incorrect, as kickbacks are the precise answer.
Key Concept:
Kickbacks ― secret vendor payments for favorable purchasing treatment.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Kickback Schemes.

Question No : 15

The most common method of detection in corruption cases is:

A.Internal audits
B.Internal controls
C.Tips
D.By accident

정답:
Explanation:
Rationale for Correct Answer
According to ACFE’s Report to the Nations and the Fraud Examiners Manual, tips are the most common method of detecting corruption cases. Employees, vendors, or customers often report suspicious activity via hotlines or whistleblowing mechanisms.
Analysis of Incorrect Options:
A. Internal audits C Helpful but less common as the initial detection method.
B. Internal controls C Preventive, not the primary detection source.
D. By accident C Can occur, but far less common than tips.
Key Concept:
Tips/whistleblowing as the primary detection method for corruption.
Reference: ACFE Fraud Examiners Manual (2020 International Edition), Corruption ― Detection of Corruption Schemes; ACFE Report to the Nations.

ACFE CFE Fraud Schemes and Financial Crimes 시험