매달, 우리는 1000명 이상의 사람들이 시험 준비를 잘하고 시험을 잘 통과할 수 있도록 도와줍니다.
WGU Global Economics for Managers (C211, UZC2) 온라인 연습
최종 업데이트 시간: 2026년05월15일
당신은 온라인 연습 문제를 통해 WGU Global Economics for Managers 시험지식에 대해 자신이 어떻게 알고 있는지 파악한 후 시험 참가 신청 여부를 결정할 수 있다.
시험을 100% 합격하고 시험 준비 시간을 35% 절약하기를 바라며 Global Economics for Managers 덤프 (최신 실제 시험 문제)를 사용 선택하여 현재 최신 100개의 시험 문제와 답을 포함하십시오.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, a tariff is defined as a tax imposed on imported goods, and one of its most direct and predictable effects is that it raises the domestic price of the affected product. As a result, tariffs encourage consumers to reduce their consumption, making option C the correct answer.
When a tariff is applied, imported goods become more expensive relative to domestically produced alternatives. This price increase shifts consumer behavior: buyers either purchase fewer units overall or substitute toward domestic products or other alternatives. Because demand curves slope downward, higher prices lead to lower quantities demanded, which explains why consumer consumption falls after a tariff is imposed.
Option A is incorrect because tariffs reduce, not increase, the quantity of imports. Higher import prices discourage foreign suppliers and domestic buyers from trading.
Option B is incorrect because domestic quantity demanded falls due to the higher price, even though domestic quantity supplied may rise.
Option D is incorrect because tariffs raise the domestic price above, not below, the world price.
Global Economics for Managers emphasizes that tariffs redistribute economic surplus. Consumers lose surplus due to higher prices and reduced consumption. Domestic producers gain surplus because they face less foreign competition and can sell more at higher prices. Governments gain tariff revenue. However, these gains do not fully offset consumer losses, resulting in deadweight loss and reduced overall economic efficiency.
For managers, understanding the consumption-reducing effect of tariffs is essential when evaluating pricing strategies, demand forecasts, and market entry decisions in protected markets. Tariffs distort market signals and often provoke retaliation, further affecting global trade flows.
Therefore, option C accurately describes a true and fundamental effect of tariffs in international trade economics.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, an import tariff raises the domestic price of the imported good, making producer surplus for domestic producers increase, which makes option B correct.
When a tariff is imposed on imported footwear, foreign suppliers face higher costs, reducing imports. Domestic producers benefit from reduced competition and higher market prices, allowing them to increase output and earn higher surplus.
Option A is incorrect because imports decrease.
Option C is incorrect because higher prices reduce domestic demand.
Option D is incorrect because consumer surplus falls due to higher prices and fewer choices.
Tariffs redistribute surplus from consumers to producers and the government, while also creating deadweight loss. Thus, option B is correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, the GDP deflator is a price index used to measure inflation, making option A correct. The percentage change in the GDP deflator from one year to the next reflects the overall inflation rate of domestically produced goods and services.
The GDP deflator is calculated as:
GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100
Because it includes all goods and services produced domestically, it provides a broad measure of price changes across the economy. Unlike the CPI, it is not based on a fixed basket of goods.
Option B is incorrect because real GDP, not the GDP deflator, is used to assess economic well-being.
Option C is incorrect because the GDP deflator is derived from the same GDP components.
Option D is incorrect because the deflator generally increases over time due to inflation.
Thus, option A is correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, gross domestic product (GDP) is widely regarded as the single best available measure of a society’s economic well-being, making option A correct. GDP measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders during a given period.
Although GDP has limitations―it does not account for income distribution, environmental degradation, or non-market activities―it remains the most comprehensive and consistent indicator of economic performance across countries and over time.
Option B is incorrect because inflation is measured by price indices such as the GDP deflator or the consumer price index (CPI), not by GDP growth.
Option C is incorrect because GDP values goods and services at market prices without weighting one more heavily than the other.
Option D is incorrect because GDP excludes income earned by citizens working abroad; that income is included in gross national income (GNI), not GDP.
Global Economics for Managers emphasizes that GDP is particularly useful for comparing economic output and living standards internationally, especially when adjusted for purchasing power parity.
Thus, option A correctly describes GDP.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, consumer surplus is defined as the difference between what a consumer is willing to pay for a good and what the consumer actually pays, making option A correct.
In this example, the shopper was willing to pay $25 but paid only $17. The consumer surplus is therefore:
Consumer Surplus = Willingness to Pay − Price Paid
Consumer Surplus = $25 − $17 = $8
This $8 represents the net benefit the consumer gains from the transaction. Consumer surplus captures the idea that consumers often value goods more than the market price, and the difference contributes to their economic welfare.
Options B and C incorrectly refer to producer surplus, which depends on production costs rather than consumer willingness to pay.
Option D incorrectly states that consumer surplus equals $25, which is the maximum willingness to pay, not the surplus.
Global Economics for Managers uses consumer surplus extensively to evaluate the effects of price changes, taxes, and trade policies on consumer welfare. Thus, option A is correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, producer surplus measures the benefit that sellers receive from participating in a market, making option A the correct answer. Producer surplus represents the difference between the price sellers receive for a good and the minimum price they are willing to accept to produce that good.
This concept reflects the gains to producers from market transactions. At a given market price, some producers are willing to supply goods at lower costs than others. When the market price exceeds a producer’s cost of production, that producer earns a surplus. Summing this surplus across all producers yields total producer surplus.
Option B refers to a shortage or surplus condition, not producer surplus.
Option C describes economic well-being, which is more broadly measured by indicators like GDP or total surplus.
Option D defines consumer surplus, which measures benefits to buyers, not sellers.
Global Economics for Managers emphasizes that producer surplus, together with consumer surplus, forms total economic surplus, a key measure of market efficiency. Policies such as taxes, subsidies, and price controls affect producer surplus by changing prices and quantities.
For managers, understanding producer surplus helps analyze how market prices, costs, and policy interventions affect firm profitability and incentives.
Therefore, option A correctly defines producer surplus.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, the Federal Reserve expands aggregate demand by increasing the money supply and lowering interest rates, making options B and C correct.
Increasing the money supply provides banks with more reserves, encouraging lending. Lower interest rates stimulate borrowing by households and firms, increasing consumption and investment. Both channels raise aggregate demand.
The remaining options contract demand rather than expand it. Therefore, B and C are correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, when the multiplier effect exceeds the crowding-out effect, increased government spending causes aggregate demand (AD) to rise by more than the initial increase in spending, making option A correct.
The multiplier effect occurs because government spending generates income, which leads to further consumption. Crowding out occurs when government borrowing raises interest rates and reduces private investment. If the multiplier is stronger, the net effect is an amplified increase in AD.
Thus, option A is correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, banks that borrow directly from the Federal Reserve through the discount window pay the discount rate, making option D correct. The discount rate is the interest rate the Fed charges banks for short-term loans.
Option A is incorrect because Fed lending fluctuates based on economic conditions.
Option B is incorrect because the discount rate can be changed at any time.
Option C is incorrect because consumer interest rates are market-determined, not set at the discount rate.
Thus, option D accurately describes Fed lending.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, substitute goods have a positive cross-price elasticity of demand, making option C correct. Cross-price elasticity measures how the quantity demanded of one good responds to a change in the price of another good.
For substitutes, an increase in the price of one good leads consumers to switch to the alternative, increasing demand for the substitute. This positive relationship results in a positive cross-price elasticity. Examples include tea and coffee or butter and margarine.
Complements have negative cross-price elasticity, normal goods relate to income elasticity, and “shortage goods” is not an elasticity classification.
Thus, option C is correct.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, demand is said to be elastic when the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in price, making option A correct. Elastic demand occurs when consumers are highly sensitive to price changes, often because close substitutes are available or the good represents a significant portion of income.
When demand is elastic, a small percentage change in price leads to a larger percentage change in quantity demanded. This relationship has important implications for pricing and revenue decisions. In such cases, price and total revenue move in opposite directions―a price decrease increases total revenue, while a price increase reduces total revenue.
Option B is incorrect because total revenue does not increase with price changes in both directions.
Option C is false because price and total revenue move in opposite directions under elastic demand.
Option D describes inelastic demand, where quantity responds only slightly to price changes.
Managers must understand elasticity when setting prices, forecasting revenue, and designing marketing strategies.
Therefore, option A accurately defines elastic demand.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, an increase in supply with demand held constant leads to a new
equilibrium characterized by a lower price and a higher quantity, making option A―quantity increases―the correct answer. This outcome follows directly from standard supply-and-demand analysis.
When supply increases, the supply curve shifts to the right. At the original equilibrium price, producers are now willing and able to supply more than consumers wish to buy, creating excess supply. To eliminate this surplus, sellers reduce prices. As prices fall, quantity demanded increases until a new equilibrium is reached where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded.
Although price also changes (it falls), the question asks what happens to the equilibrium point of price and quantity, and among the given options, only quantity increases is correct. Price does not remain the same, nor does it increase, and quantity certainly does not decrease.
This concept is critical for managers analyzing productivity improvements, technological progress, or reductions in input costs. Supply increases are often driven by innovation, economies of scale, or favorable regulatory changes, all of which allow firms to produce more at every price.
Thus, option A correctly describes the equilibrium outcome when supply increases and demand remains unchanged.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, a market shortage occurs when quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied at the current price. A defining characteristic of a shortage is that quantity supplied is less than the equilibrium quantity, making option D correct.
Shortages typically arise when prices are set below equilibrium, such as under price controls. At these lower prices, consumers demand more, while producers supply less, creating excess demand.
Option A describes a surplus condition.
Option B contradicts the definition of shortage.
Option C is incorrect because shortages create upward, not downward, pressure on prices.
Thus, option D correctly identifies a characteristic of a market shortage.
정답:
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, demand for a normal good increases with income and decreases when income falls. If consumers expect lower future income, demand for normal goods decreases, causing the demand curve to shift left, making option A correct.
A leftward shift indicates that at every price, consumers are willing and able to purchase less of the good. Expectations about future income influence present consumption decisions, especially for durable and discretionary goods.
Options C and D incorrectly describe movement along a demand curve rather than a shift.
Option B would apply if income were expected to rise.
Therefore, option A is correct.
정답: B
Explanation:
In Global Economics for Managers, an indifference curve represents all combinations of goods that provide the same level of satisfaction (utility) to a consumer. If Point A and Point B lie on the same indifference curve, the consumer is indifferent between the two bundles, making option B correct.
This means the consumer derives equal satisfaction from either bundle and has no preference for one over the other. Movement along an indifference curve reflects trade-offs between goods while maintaining constant utility.
Options A and D relate to cost, which is irrelevant to indifference curves.
Option C is incorrect because preference differences occur only when points lie on different indifference curves.
Thus, option B correctly describes the implication of two points on the same indifference curve.