PSK-I 시험 - Scrum실제시험문제와 답 - 138문항

Question No : 1

Which of the following best describes Kanban? (choose the best answer)

A.Additional practices that are integrated into the Scrum framework.
B.A strategy for optimizing the flow of value through a process that uses a visual, Work in Progress (WIP) limited pull system.
C.A process of defining a Scrum Team's workflow in order to increase productivity.
D.None of the above.

정답:
Explanation:
Kanban is a strategy for optimizing the flow of value through a process that uses a visual, work-in-progress limited pull system. The flow-based perspective of Kanban is used to enhance and complement the Scrum framework and its implementation.

Question No : 2

Which is the best description of probabilistic forecast? (choose the best answer)

A.A forecast based on empirical data as an input on the likelihood of achieving a goal given certain time period.
B.A formula that calculates a team's future performance.
C.A commitment of when a specific scope will be finished.

정답:
Explanation:
Probabilistic forecasting is an alternative to an estimates based approach. Rather than asking your teams to break down a lot of work up front, and then estimate it, we can use past data generated by the team from the work they've already done to extrapolate a forecast of what may happen in the future. A probabilistic forecast is one that acknowledges a wide array of possible outcomes and assigns a probability, or likelihood of happening, to each. Every probabilistic forecast should have 2 components: a range and a probability.

Question No : 3

Which flow metric is most helpful in indicating when multiple Product Backlog items can be completed? (choose the best answer)

A.Work Item Age.
B.Work in Progress (WIP).
C.Cycle Time.
D.Throughput.

정답:
Explanation:
Throughput: The number of work items finished per unit of time. Throughput is the theoretical bandwidth of the team. For example, a team has delivered 10, 8, 12 and 10 Product Backlog items (PBIs) in each of the last 4 Sprints. The average throughput is 10 PBIs per Sprint. So based on historical data, the team can complete 1-10 PBIs in 1 Sprint. 1-15 PBIs in 2 Sprints, and so on. Remember, that 'can complete'
and 'will complete' is different. 'Will complete' is absolute where as 'can complete' is not and can have dependencies.

Question No : 4

If new urgent work emerges during the Sprint, who must change the Work in Progress (WIP) Limits in the team’s definition of "Workflow"? (choose the best answer)

A.The Product Owner.
B.Work in Progress (WIP) Limits cannot be changed during a Sprint.
C.The Scrum Master.
D.No one. New urgent work is not a valid reason to change Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
E.The Developers.

정답:
Explanation:
In case the item is pulled into the Sprint Backlog, then the Developers need to figure out whether they can actually start it right away. This depends on the WIP limits and the current WIP. If the team is at their WIP limit they shouldn't pull in that new item until some room frees up.
The longer it might take to get a normal pull slot ready, the more pressure there might be to actually expedite this card. This means going beyond the current WIP limits and pushing this item along on top of the existing flow. The typical way to do this is NOT to change the WIP limit definition but to go above WIP and note a WIP exception. These exceptions can then be a topic for inspection and adaptation at the Sprint Retrospective.

Question No : 5

A Kanban board is comprised of which of the following policies? (choose the best two answers)

A.Each Product Backlog Item type has a separate swim lane.
B.Your workflow visualization.
C.Work in Progress (WIP) Limits.
D.Class of service policy.

정답:
Explanation:
Visualization using the Kanban board is the way the Scrum Team makes its workflow transparent. The board's configuration should prompt the right conversations at the right time and proactively suggest opportunities for improvement. Visualization should include explicit policies such as the WIP limit for each lane or each person, escalation/class of service policies, how to visualize and deal with blockers, how to prioritize work.

Question No : 6

An existing Scrum Team wants to apply Kanban practices.
What can the team start doing get begin achieving flow? (choose the best 4 answers)

A.Ensuring the product backlog is refined frequently.
B.Limiting Work in Progress (WIP).
C.Visualizing their workflow.
D.Actively managing WI
E.Inspecting & adapting their workflow.

정답:
Explanation:
Kanban is a strategy for optimizing the flow of value through a process that uses a visual, work-in-progress limited pull system. Central to the definition of Kanban is the concept of flow. Kanban optimizes flow by improving the overall efficiency, effectiveness, and predictability of a process.

Question No : 7

According to Little's Law, which of the following statements is true if a team reduces its Work in Progress (WIP) limit? (choose the best two answers)

A.In a given time period, the average number of Product Backlog items (throughput) completed will likely increase.
B.Average time between starting and finishing (cycle time) of Product Backlog items will likely decrease.
C.Quality of work completed will likely increase.
D.Value of each backlog item completed likely will go up.

정답:
Explanation:
The fundamental result of Little's Law is that for a given process, in general, the more things that you work on at any given time (on average) the longer it is going to take for each of those things to finish (on average). Average Cycle Time = Average Work In Progress / Average Throughput

Question No : 8

How does setting limits to Work in Progress (WIP) policies support self-management? (choose the best two answers)

A.WIP Limits creates a boundary for which the Scrum Team self-manages within.
B.WIP Limits inhibit self-management since they limit the team's autonomy to pull work.
C.As part of self-management Scrum Teams figure out their own WIP Limits.
D.A Scrum Master defines a WIP Limit to help the Scrum Team self-manage.

정답:
Explanation:
Work in Progress (WIP) limits restrict the maximum amount of work items in the different stages of the workflow. This would be the defined boundaries/container of which the Scrum Team works from.
The Sprint Backlog is owned by the Developers so it would make sense for them to self-manage and own their workflow and WIP Limits in this case. If the Developers want to involve the Product Owner in their Sprint flow then the Scrum Team will self-manage to define the WIP Limits.

Question No : 9

What are desired benefits of applying Kanban practices in a Scrum Team? (choose the best four answers)

A.Increased collaboration between the Developers.
B.Scrum Teams are no longer limited by Sprint time-boxes.
C.For a work item, the average cycle time may be reduced.
D.Increased transparency on the Work in Progress (WIP) state of the work items.
E.Uncovering areas of improvement within the Sprint.
F.Removes the need for the Sprint Review resulting in a higher velocity.
G.Scrum Teams can release larger increments in a shorter period of time.

정답:
Explanation:
When Kanban practices are applied to Scrum, they provide a focus on improving the flow through the feedback loop; optimizing transparency and the frequency of inspection and adaptation for both the product and the process. The Scrum framework itself does not change and is only supplemented with Kanban practices.
This can result in additional collaboration, lower cycle times, additive transparency, and helping identify process improvements.

Question No : 10

The basic metrics of flow that Scrum Teams using Kanban will need to track are: (choose the four best answers)

A.Lead Time
B.Velocity
C.Work in Progress (WIP)
D.Cycle Time
E.Throughput
F.Work Item Age

정답:
Explanation:
The four basic metrics of flow that Scrum Teams using Kanban need to track are as follows:
Work in Progress (WIP): The number of work items started but not finished.
Cycle Time: The amount of elapsed time between when a work item starts and when a work item finishes.
Work Item Age: The amount of time between when a work item started and the current time. This applies only to items that are still in progress.
Throughput: The number of work items finished per unit of time.

Question No : 11

Which of the following will help a Scrum Team achieve flow optimization? (choose the best 4 answers)

A.Padding estimates to allow space in the Sprint Backlog.
B.Limiting WI
C.Visualization of the workflow
D.Inspecting and adapting their definition of "Workflow".
E.Active management of work items in progress.

정답:
Explanation:
Scrum Teams can achieve flow optimization by using the following four practices:
Visualization of the workflow
Limiting Work in Progress (WIP)
Active management of work items in progress
Inspecting and adapting the team’s definition of "Workflow"

Question No : 12

Kanban can help enhance visibility for: (choose the best three answers)

A.The Definition of Done.
B.The Sprint Backlog.
C.The Product Backlog.
D.The Sprint Retrospective.

정답:
Explanation:
One of the keys to effective visualization for a Scrum Team is to make sure it sees the flow of Product Backlog items from the Product Backlog (idea identification, through refinement, analysis), Sprint Backlog (design, coding, testing, and deployment); all the way to "Done" (Definition of Done).

Question No : 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the relationship between Sprints and Kanban for Scrum? (choose the best three answers)

A.Sprints are examples of cycles and cadence.
B.Sprints are examples of a policy that shows the team's way of working.
C.It is easier to achieve Sprint objectives when applying Kanban practices.
D.A Sprint is an example of limiting Work in Progress (WIP).

정답:
Explanation:
The Kanban complementary practices don’t replace Scrum’s Sprint. The Scrum Framework has built in components that are the starting point (foundation) for Kanban practices to enhance and expand. The Sprint is still a cadence or a regular heartbeat for inspection and adaptation of both product and process. Teams using Scrum with Kanban use the Sprint events as a feedback improvement loop by collaboratively inspecting and adapting their definition of "Workflow" and flow metrics.

Question No : 14

Work Item Age metrics are most helpful in supporting which of the following? (choose the best two answers)

A.Inspecting and adapting the Sprint at the Daily Scrum.
B.Inspecting and adapting the team's process and definition of Workflow at the Sprint Retrospective.
C.Influencing the team's Service Level Expectation (SLE).
D.Helping the team estimate the size of Work Items.
E.Being a leading indicator for the length of the feedback loop for a certain Work Item.

정답:
Explanation:
Work Item Age is a leading indicator for what a team’s cycle time (i.e. the length of the feedback loop) is likely to be for a certain item.
It is also a leading indicator to determine when an item, that is in progress, is likely to be 'finished' in
order for the team to adapt their Sprint.

Question No : 15

When using Kanban in Scrum, a team needs to use which of the following four metrics of flow? (choose the best four answers)

A.Cycle Time
B.Work in Progress (WIP)
C.Work Item Age
D.Cumulative Flow Diagram (CFD)
E.Lead Time
F.Throughput